This a quick list of common Linux/Unix system error codes. When these return code you can identified what the exact issue on your system or applications.
Additionally, you can always identify these errors by use perror, it's available in mysql-server release.

Here's the list. The first column is the system return code, you can also call it errno, the second column is symbolic name, and the final column is a summarized explanation:
  • # 0 -- Success
  • 1 EPERM +Operation not permitted
  • 2 ENOENT +No such file or directory
  • 3 ESRCH +No such process
  • 4 EINTR +Interrupted system call
  • 5 EIO +Input/output error
  • 6 ENXIO +No such device or address
  • 7 E2BIG +Argument list too long
  • 8 ENOEXEC +Exec format error
  • 9 EBADF +Bad file descriptor
  • 10 ECHILD +No child processes
  • 11 EAGAIN +Resource temporarily unavailable
  • 12 ENOMEM +Cannot allocate memory
  • 13 EACCES +Permission denied
  • 14 EFAULT +Bad address
  • 15 ENOTBLK Block device required
  • 16 EBUSY +Device or resource busy
  • 17 EEXIST +File exists
  • 18 EXDEV +Invalid cross-device link
  • 19 ENODEV +No such device
  • 20 ENOTDIR +Not a directory
  • 21 EISDIR +Is a directory
  • 22 EINVAL +Invalid argument
  • 23 ENFILE +Too many open files in system
  • 24 EMFILE +Too many open files
  • 25 ENOTTY +Inappropriate ioctl for device
  • 26 ETXTBSY Text file busy
  • 27 EFBIG +File too large
  • 28 ENOSPC +No space left on device
  • 29 ESPIPE +Illegal seek
  • 30 EROFS +Read-only file system
  • 31 EMLINK +Too many links
  • 32 EPIPE +Broken pipe
  • 33 EDOM +Numerical argument out of domain
  • 34 ERANGE +Numerical result out of range
  • 35 EDEADLK +Resource deadlock avoided
  • 36 ENAMETOOLONG +File name too long
  • 37 ENOLCK +No locks available
  • 38 ENOSYS +Function not implemented
  • 39 ENOTEMPTY +Directory not empty
  • 40 ELOOP Too many levels of symbolic links
  • 42 ENOMSG No message of desired type
  • 43 EIDRM Identifier removed
  • 44 ECHRNG Channel number out of range
  • 45 EL2NSYNC Level 2 not synchronized
  • 46 EL3HLT Level 3 halted
  • 47 EL3RST Level 3 reset
  • 48 ELNRNG Link number out of range
  • 49 EUNATCH Protocol driver not attached
  • 50 ENOCSI No CSI structure available
  • 51 EL2HLT Level 2 halted
  • 52 EBADE Invalid exchange
  • 53 EBADR Invalid request descriptor
  • 54 EXFULL Exchange full
  • 55 ENOANO No anode
  • 56 EBADRQC Invalid request code
  • 57 EBADSLT Invalid slot
  • 59 EBFONT Bad font file format
  • 60 ENOSTR Device not a stream
  • 61 ENODATA No data available
  • 62 ETIME Timer expired
  • 63 ENOSR Out of streams resources
  • 64 ENONET Machine is not on the network
  • 65 ENOPKG Package not installed
  • 66 EREMOTE Object is remote
  • 67 ENOLINK Link has been severed
  • 68 EADV Advertise error
  • 69 ESRMNT Srmount error
  • 70 ECOMM Communication error on send
  • 71 EPROTO Protocol error
  • 72 EMULTIHOP Multihop attempted
  • 73 EDOTDOT RFS specific error
  • 74 EBADMSG +Bad message
  • 75 EOVERFLOW Value too large for defined data type
  • 76 ENOTUNIQ Name not unique on network
  • 77 EBADFD File descriptor in bad state
  • 78 EREMCHG Remote address changed
  • 79 ELIBACC Can not access a needed shared library
  • 80 ELIBBAD Accessing a corrupted shared library
  • 81 ELIBSCN .lib section in a.out corrupted
  • 82 ELIBMAX Attempting to link in too many shared libraries
  • 83 ELIBEXEC Cannot exec a shared library directly
  • 84 EILSEQ Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character
  • 85 ERESTART Interrupted system call should be restarted
  • 86 ESTRPIPE Streams pipe error
  • 87 EUSERS Too many users
  • 88 ENOTSOCK Socket operation on non-socket
  • 89 EDESTADDRREQ Destination address required
  • 90 EMSGSIZE +Message too long
  • 91 EPROTOTYPE Protocol wrong type for socket
  • 92 ENOPROTOOPT Protocol not available
  • 93 EPROTONOSUPPORT Protocol not supported
  • 94 ESOCKTNOSUPPORT Socket type not supported
  • 95 EOPNOTSUPP Operation not supported
  • 96 EPFNOSUPPORT Protocol family not supported
  • 97 EAFNOSUPPORT Address family not supported by protocol
  • 98 EADDRINUSE Address already in use
  • 99 EADDRNOTAVAIL Cannot assign requested address
  • 100 ENETDOWN Network is down
  • 101 ENETUNREACH Network is unreachable
  • 102 ENETRESET Network dropped connection on reset
  • 103 ECONNABORTED Software caused connection abort
  • 104 ECONNRESET Connection reset by peer
  • 105 ENOBUFS No buffer space available
  • 106 EISCONN Transport endpoint is already connected
  • 107 ENOTCONN Transport endpoint is not connected
  • 108 ESHUTDOWN Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown
  • 109 ETOOMANYREFS Too many references: cannot splice
  • 110 ETIMEDOUT +Connection timed out
  • 111 ECONNREFUSED Connection refused
  • 112 EHOSTDOWN Host is down
  • 113 EHOSTUNREACH No route to host
  • 114 EALREADY Operation already in progress
  • 115 EINPROGRESS +Operation now in progress
  • 116 ESTALE Stale NFS file handle
  • 117 EUCLEAN Structure needs cleaning
  • 118 ENOTNAM Not a XENIX named type file
  • 119 ENAVAIL No XENIX semaphores available
  • 120 EISNAM Is a named type file
  • 121 EREMOTEIO Remote I/O error
  • 122 EDQUOT Disk quota exceeded
  • 123 ENOMEDIUM No medium found
  • 124 EMEDIUMTYPE Wrong medium type